Guardians of the Littoral: Pakistan’s Maritime Doctrine in the Age of Hormuz Volatility
The contemporary maritime environment of the Arabian Sea and the wider Gulf region is defined by volatility, strategic competition, and systemic interdependence. At the center of this evolving landscape lies the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow yet indispensable artery through which a significant
Pakistan’s Tightrope: Iran–Saudi Oil Wars and Regional Realignment
Pakistan today stands at a complex crossroads in the Middle East, where regional rivalries, energy politics, and strategic realignments converge in ways that directly affect its security, economy, and foreign policy calculus. The ongoing rupture in OPEC plus agreements, intensified proxy conflicts, and
Saudi Energy Diplomacy After Hormuz Disruption and Implications for Pakistan
In 2026, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia faces a pivotal moment in its energy diplomacy, shaped by escalating regional tensions, repeated disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, and the complex interplay of global energy markets. The Kingdom, long reliant on Gulf maritime corridors
Saudi Pivot from Iran Détente to Gulf Security Crunch
Saudi Arabia’s strategic calculus in early 2026 has undergone a profound transformation, reflecting intensifying insecurity along both its northern and southern frontiers. The recent surge in Houthi drone attacks, concentrated on the southern provinces and energy infrastructure, has rendered the previous détente posture