Reconfiguring Muslim Middle Powers in Normative Architecture
BY SHAFQAT ALI QURESHI The architecture of global governance is increasingly contested not only in terms of power distribution but also in terms of legitimacy, procedural fairness, and epistemic authority. Institutions formed in the mid twentieth century continue to structure decision making in
China Gulf Nexus Reconfigures Pakistan Saudi Strategic Future Today
BY SHAFQAT ALI QURESHI The expanding role of China in the evolving strategic matrix between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia represents one of the most consequential yet structurally understated transformations in contemporary global geopolitics. Unlike traditional great power interventions that operate through overt military
Islamic Diplomacy After Ideology Pakistan Saudi Pragmatic Transition Era
By : Shafqat Ali Qureshi The evolution of Pakistan–Saudi relations reflects a broader structural transformation within the Muslim world, where ideological cohesion is gradually giving way to pragmatic statecraft shaped by economic interdependence, geopolitical recalibration, and institutional survival logic. What was once framed